MINERSVILLE, Pa.-Bradley Birkenfeld,
the whistle-blower who helped expose widespread tax evasion in the Swiss
banking industry, insists he would do it all over again. But, he would do it
very differently.
With the benefit of hindsight sharpened
by the view from the Pennsylvania prison where he began serving three-plus
years in January, Mr. Birkenfeld says he is an informant who blew on the wrong
whistle.
The 45-year-old Mr. Birkenfeld has a
new legal team and tactics in place, and fuelled by anger at how he was treated
by the Justice Department, he plans to ask President Barack Obama to commute
his sentence. He also still hopes to claim a multimillion-dollar reward from an
Internal Revenue Service whistle-blower office, which may begin paying monetary
rewards this year.
The former UBS AG banker was the
central informant in an investigation that led to a wide-ranging IRS
crackdown on secret offshore bank accounts. That he also is the only
person so far to be sentenced to substantial prison time-40 months, for
conspiring to defraud the U.S. government-has made Mr. Birkenfeld a
popular hero in some corners of the tax community, though others
disagree.
Tax Notes, a trade publication considered the bible of the tax
community, picked him as its Tax Person of the Year for 2009. It
characterized him as one of the biggest whistle-blowers of all-time,
"the Benedict Arnold of the private banking industry." It credited him
with single-handedly convincing authorities to get serious about
cracking down on international tax cheats.
Even as indictments or guilty pleas increase in the UBS case, there
is a good chance that the IRS investigation will expand to non-Swiss
bank clients or even other banks. The reason: U.S. citizens who came
forward to the IRS under an amnesty program are providing details about
other banks that may have aided in tax evasion.
During his first interview since he began serving time at the
Schuylkill Federal Correctional Institute in Minersville, Pa., Mr.
Birkenfeld said he is weathering prison fine. The son of a neurosurgeon
who grew up near Boston, his years at a military academy in Vermont are
serving him well now, he added.
A tall and lean man with cropped graying hair and an earnest manner,
Mr. Birkenfeld said he has no regrets about speaking out.
"I saw it as something wrong that it was my duty to correct," he said
of illegal activities he and colleagues engaged in at UBS, which he
says encouraged bankers to help wealthy clients hide their money. "I
would do it again because it was the right thing to do."
The right thing, but maybe done the wrong way.
Mr. Birkenfeld went to his UBS supervisors repeatedly in 2005 with
concerns about his group. The company reviewed his complaint but he
later resigned, not satisfied that it had taken him seriously.
He then took his story to the Justice Department, the U.S. Senate,
the IRS and the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2007. Each of them
has acknowledged his key role in exposing overseas tax evasion.
At his sentencing in August, Justice Department prosecutor Kevin
Downing said: "I will say that without Mr. Birkenfeld walking into the
door of the Department of Justice in the summer of 2007, I doubt as of
today that this massive fraud scheme would have been discovered by the
U.S. government."
Nonetheless, it was the Justice Department that prosecuted Mr.
Birkenfeld, saying he held back information about his relationship with
American billionaire real-estate developer Igor Olenicoff. Mr.
Birkenfeld pleaded guilty to helping Mr. Olenicoff evade about $7.2
million in taxes by concealing income on $200 million in assets in sham
corporations. Mr. Olenicoff said he paid about $9 million in penalties
to settle with the government. Mr. Olenicoff, who is suing Mr.
Birkenfeld along with UBS and others in federal court, contends that his
former banker concealed their continued relationship.
Mr. Birkenfeld says he came to the DOJ ready to tell everything, and
asked the agency to subpoena him for the information so that he wouldn't
break the law by naming names. Bankers are constrained by secrecy laws
designed to keep client information safe. The agency declined his
request.
He then asked the Senate to subpoena him, which it did, and he says
he gave it names and details. Correspondence with a Senate subcommittee
indicates he gave it at least some information about Mr. Olenicoff
before the billionaire was indicted.
Stephen M. Kohn, executive director of the National Whistleblowers
Center in Washington, is a member of Mr. Birkenfeld's new legal
team-technically his third group of lawyers after having fired his
criminal attorneys. Another team of lawyers is defending him against the
Olenicoff claims. Mr. Kohn said that going to the DOJ first was his
client's big mistake.
Instead, Mr. Kohn says, he should have approached an IRS
whistle-blower office, set up in 2006, because it would have offered him
a better shot at anonymity. Another consideration: That office has been
authorized to hand out large rewards, and is expected to make its first
big payout this year.
The DOJ didn't take into account new whistle-blower protections under
the statute that established the office, doing a "gross injustice to
whistle-blowers, and setting back the process of whistle-blowing for a
generation," said Mr. Kohn.
The White House, IRS, Justice Department declined to comment.
Bryan C. Skarlatos, a partner at Kostelanetz & Fink in New York
who has represented Swiss account holders in the UBS case, agrees that
Mr. Birkenfeld "may have been better off with the IRS." Nonetheless, Mr.
Birkenfeld's claim to righteousness remains questionable to some. Mr.
Skarlatos believes he could have been more forthcoming.
And as for casting Mr. Birkenfeld as the only one who really got
punished, that mightn't be true for long. A year or two from now it
could be a very different story, according to Mr. Skarlatos.
"We are in the first stages of this," said Mr. Skarlatos. "Many
people will eventually go to prison."
